Abstract: This paper reviews the arrangement form of the mineral resources property rights system in China.It analyzes who the actual owner of the mineral resources is，and reviews the contradictions in mineral resources property rights system implementation.The analysis results show that the mineral resources are effectively controlled by the local governments.In addition，in case of the conflicts between mining rights owners and land owners，lack of unified planning and coordination between the management departments is the main obstacle the mining rights holder exercising their mining rights.We also find that in the current mineral resources property rights system arrangement the main system function is to choose the main resources extractor.This to a large extent affects the interest distribution in the process of resource development.Finally，the paper offers a range of solutions for addressing issues arising from the current property rights system.