Abstract: The problem of China petroleum security is very pressing, going with the enhancement of degree of depending on foreign problem increasingly.The prospect of Sino-Russia petroleum cooperation in 21 century will be good, though there are many uncertain factors which influence the condition of it. Analysis on the view of geography politics,Russia's petroleum resource is very important for Chinese petroleum security, So China government should carry out energy diplomacy to Russia actively,achieve the aim of import petroleum in various ways,then insure China petroleum security.