Abstract: Taking Antaibao coal mine industrial site as an example,this paper studied the pollution status and potential ecological risk of heavy metals including AS,Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb,Zn in the soil surface(0～20cm)comprehensively and respectively,using methods of single factor index,Nemero index and potential ecological risk index.The primary and secondary soil environmental quality standards(GB15618-2008)were taken as the evaluation standard.It is found that the soil is subject to different degrees of pollution when environmental background value is taken as the evaluation standard.The larger index and coefficient of Hg makes it the primary pollution which needs fortified monitoring and control.However,the content of heavy metals in soil is less than what stated in the secondary soil environmental quality standard,namely that the heavy metals didn't cause actual harm to the mining environment.From the perspective of pollution distribution,the degree of soil heavy metal pollution follows the order of coal preparation plant>oil depot(sewage treatment plant)>explosive factory>coal storage bunker(maintenance center)>gangue fired power plant>dispatching room>storage land(maintenance workshop),which is closely related to the production activities,the technological processes of the coal mine and the soil property of Loess Plateau area.