Abstract: The article collected some successful cases of oil and gas exploration in typical countries and areas to analyze new progress and major discoveries, and summarized some new exploration fields, new important geological theories and new technologies.By comparing these “4 new”, the global important oil and gas exploration target is proposed, including:Middle East Tethys extensive basin, Russia, North and South Atlantic Ocean to the Arctic Onshore and Offshore deep water basin, East Africa, and Australia’s North West shelf, Gulf of Mexico, etc.Strategic territories of oil and gas exploration in China are put forward, including Marine phases, deep stratum, deep water, unconventional oil and gas, the new field of old oil field and residual oil with improved recovery method, and also the basic exploration work and engineering technology innovation, etc.