Abstract: In this paper, the policy evolution of mineral resource management in china since 1949 was reviewed. Policies since 1990s and the functions on social development were emphasized. Based on investigation of the policy development history, a systematic analysis was presented, including policies about mineral resource protection, mineral right, manage-ment of mineral reserves and geological data, and supervision on mining development. Four factors were taken into account, such as the development sustainability, delimitation of property rights, basic service and the duty of performance.