Abstract: Petroleum is a kind of strategic mineral resources influencing stable and fast economic development,which is crucial to sustainable and stable development of national economy and society,construction of well-being society and realization of third strategic target in China.Based on the analysis of global petroleum resources and international status of petroleum resources contest,paper exposes some basic problems facing China's oil industry,and analyzes some challenges and opportunities in China's petroleum resources development,and tentatively put forward petroleum resources development strategies.Finally,paper turns down some unilateral views in study of oil resources,and brings forward countermeasures to China government to realize the sustainable development of petroleum resources in China.