Abstract: The institution of exhaustible resource use is a contract between the government and the firms according to contract theory. By investigating the contract's structure, we know that the government receives mineral rent by lump-sum rent and share-cropping rent. In the paper, the extraordinary contract's structure is interpreted to reduce risk by clarifying the unique high risk in mineral industry. Chinese perplexing tax and fee of mineral resource is listed in the paper. According to efficiency principle, the structure of tax and fee should be simplified to reduce the variety examplized in china.