Abstract: China is gradually implementing the reform of mineral rights market, but because of the special nature of mineral rights, the price discovery process is very complicate and often need to design a special trading system. Therefore, it is a significant field in current research on the value of mineral rights to seek scientific and rational pricing mechanism, in accordance with special nature of the mineral rights. While, auction, can effectively solve the pricing problem of difficult valuation, as a market-oriented pricing mechanism. It's analyzed the allocation affectivity and the optimal retaining price in the auction of mineral rights in the article, based on the analysis on the current status of mineral rights, taking game theory and standard analytical methods as the main tool, in the angle of the realistic needs of china's mineral rights market, which can guide the rational flow of mineral rights, optimize the resource allocation, effectively prevent the transactional loss of the state-owned resources, and achieve the national revenue maximization.