Abstract: Sustainable development of major coal producing provinces plays a vital role to national economy. However, regional innovation capability is an important way to achieve sustainable development. According to this problem, this paper choices 5indexes including knowledge creating capability, knowledge accessing capability, enterprise's technological innovation capability, innovation environment and economic benefit of innovation. And it applies entropy-Topsis method for regional innovation capability in China's 9major coal producing provinces which produce coal more than 100 million tons. Besides, it applies spider diagram from two perspectives to analyze regional innovation capability for understanding the specific reasons of gap. The results show that:the regional innovation capability of the 9provinces can be divided into three groups, including stronger capability, general capability, and weaker capability. And Shandong province is the stronger one. The provinces of general capability include Henan, Anhui and Shaanxi. Besides, the provinces of weaker capability include Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Yunnan, Xinjiang and Guizhou. What's more, these provinces can improve its regional innovation capability in different ways. And the weak needs to increase investment in science and technology, develop foreign trade and non coal industry in order to break their restrictions.