Abstract: Based on the former study,the exploration and development configuration is defined that is mineral species configuration,spatial configuration,temporal configuration,and management configuration,with taking its endogenous properties and external constraints into account.Then the constructing thinking and application of exploration and development configuration evaluation system is put forward.At last,the paper proposes how to optimize the institution mechanism in favor of reforming mineral resources exploration and development configuration,and they are clearing government position,enhancing services and regulatory,improving management system,accelerating the reform of mining rights market,clearing investment entities,improving the income distribution system,etc.