Abstract: Poverty alleviation path through mineral resources exploration and development include direct measures and indirect measures.Direct path include infrastructure construction,human capital improvement,solution of capital scarcity and demand shortage.The key factors block resource advantages turning into economic advantages includelow degree of geological exploration,poor infrastructure,lack of skills,and environment damage by mining exploration,unreasonable income distribution mechanism,and lowprice of mineral products and so on.More investment is needed to strengthen geological exploration,infrastructureconstruction and poor people’s skills.Meanwhile,resource tax and fee system should be reformed;environmental protectionshould be strengthened.Better system environment is needed for enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities.Resource based cities should take deep-processingstrategy and constructdiverse industry.