Abstract: There are two problems in Chinese mining: one is inefficiency in using mineral resources, and the other is externality, i. e., destruction and pollution of environment. In this article, the connotations of mine resources and the mining right system are analyzed with the economic methods on the sustainable principles. The conclusion that the company's total cost does not include the value of the mine resources has been drawn. When the variable functions of mine resources have been recognized and the value of the mine resources begin to play its role in market economy, the mining problems will be well solved.