Abstract: The rational utilization of mineral resources is a fundamental requirement to guarantee the sustainable economic development of our country,how to utilize mineral resources effectively is a problem in both the aspects of economy and management.In this paper,we firstly put the optimization of exploiting and using mineral resources as the target,combined differential equation with calculus of variation,and took reserves,prices,exploiting rate and cost of mining into consideration to build a model of maximum of function for quantification in order to formulate the optimalscheme of exploiting rate:If the price of ore market is higher than a function value that related with time,we should exploit it with the maximum exploiting amount,otherwise stop mining.Next we discussed the limitation of building mathematical model to analyze the problems of mineral resources,expounded thinking of using mathematical method to solve these problems,and put forward advices of combining problems with themethod.