Abstract: Hunan, as the important rising economic province in the central of China, to keep the economy growing steadily, must have enough energy as a guarantee. Hunan is short of coal in south China, with typical characteristics of "lack of coal, gas and oil". According to the actual situation in the province, researching rational in development and utilization of coal resources, and searching for new type of alternative energy, which can provide reliable energy security for economic development, has important strategic significance. Based on the analysis of the main problems existing in the development and utilization of coal resources in Hunan province, the authors put forward to the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.