Abstract: Asbestos fibers were widely used in chemical and many other fields as an excellent industrial material for its good temperature resistance and stable chemical properties. However, atmosphere, food and water body could be polluted by asbestos fibers; human health would be endangered by breathing into the human body. Therefore, Asbestos fiber detection methods that had been investigated and researched were necessary. Asbestos fibers present and future research directions were summarized and a basis of a rapid and effective detection method was provided in the article.