Abstract: Through reviewing previous studies on eco-environmental compensation and eco-environmental compensation mechanism, this paper concludes that eco-environmental compensation in coal mining area is a general term for activities of compensating and rehabilitating the broken eco-environment because of coal resource exploitation; eco-environmental compensation mechanism is to arrange these activities institutionally. This paper, focusing on a narrow perspective of eco-environmental compensation objects, firstly divides the responsible subjects who are responsible for rehabilitating the broken eco-environment from two dimensions, the principle of separation of the new and old debts and the types of the broken eco-environment, and then establishes eco-environmental compensation mechanism.