Abstract: Impacts assessment of mine on groundwater environment，its hydrogeology condition is one of the most important factors.Moreover，soil permeability of the aeration zone is one of the key issues in the study of hydrogeology.Eastern Junggar Coalfield is one of the fourteenth planned and constructed energy bases in China.In order to find out the hydrogeological conditions and the permeability of vadose zone in this area，this paper adopts round block technique to conduct research on the permeability of vadose zone，analyzing the soil quality and coal gangue lixivium.The results are as follows：the thickness of the vadose zone within the research area is generally between 0.63 m and 7.91 m；the lithology is fine sand in Quaternary Upper Pleistocene alluvial and pluvial formation.The seepage velocity of the vadose zone of sites in the area is between 0.000 167 cm/s and 0.002 264 cm/s.The antifouling property level is “weak”.Various kinds of test items of soils in the area in the area are under the level.At last，the coal gangue lixivium would pollute underground water after being leached by rainwater.