Abstract: Groundwater is not only the essential factor for water resources, but also one of the important elements supporting for ecology and environment. It is the basical security of the sustainable development of the economy and the society to protect the grandwater and explore it rationally. Mineral exploration could change the groundwater circulation system, undermine the structure of the aquifer, lead to the transition and serious contamination of the surface water. The article taked the Energy and Chemical Industry Base of the northern part of Shanxi as a example. Based on the systematical analysis of the mechanism of balance which would lose under the influence of the mineral exploration, it suggested that we should accelerate the legal system construction of the Mineral Exploration and Water Protection Project, strengthen the management of those enterprises accessing to mining, consolidate the theory demonstration of the groundwater protection, and encourage the mining enterprises to use the high-tech and develop the circular economy vigorously, and so on.