Abstract: In this paper, we take Datong city of Shan Xi Province as an example to have a research on the industrial structure optimizing of resource cities. We analyzed the problems of the resource condition and the industrial structure which Datong City was suffering recently. According to the theories and foreign experience of the industrial structure optimizing, we suggested two main ideas for the industrial structure improvement of Datong City, and we hope these two ideas can help Datong City diversify industrial structure, increase economic efficiency, and achieve sustainable development.