Abstract: In this paper,the research in exploitation efficiency of mineral resources is very rarely and limited,but the efficiency evaluation research of exploitation process have been done.The exploitation efficiency of mineral resources is defined as its satisfaction degree of social and economics requirement.The effect indexes,such as resources conditions,mining industries policy,mining economics,social environment,ecological environment,international market,international politics,exploitation stage of mine,production management,production technology and so on,should be paid attention to in selection of evaluation indexes for exploitation efficiency evaluation of mineral resources except utilization rate.The evaluation can be divided into macroscopic and microscopic aspects,and the quantitative evaluation should be further studied in the future.