Abstract: Resource exploitation leads serious pollution of soil environment in mining area, expecially plough layer. This article studied plough layer soil environment of rare earth mining area, XinFeng GanNan. The results illustrate that the soil environment is acid(pH<7); the pollution of soil environment in downstream of mining area is mainly about La, Ce, Pr, and compond pollution of RE elements. The content of bioavailable fractions shows high positive significant correlations about pH of soil, content of organic matter; and to the distence with pollution source shows negative significant correlations, but not absolute to some samples which have high content of bioavailable fractions and high level of pollution. The study indicats that there were serious pollution in soil environment of RE mining area.It's necessary to take effective measures about tailings, to reinforce the environmental remediation of RE mining area, to decrease soil erosion of this area, to ensure the plough layer soil not to be the farther pollution.