Abstract: Phosphate rock is the important strategic mineral resources in our country,mainly for the production of phosphate fertilizer,but also the material basis of fine phosphorus chemical industry.Phosphate fertilizer is the essential means of agricultural production,therefore,protecting phosphate rock resources and realizing the sustainable supply relates to the rise and fall of phosphate fertilizer industry,it is an important guarantee of food security.In recent years,the rapid development of China's phosphate fertilizer industry,excess production capacity,export volume continued to increase,leading to phosphate rock resources are large consumed,while China's phosphate rock resources are not rich,degree of protection is not optimistic,so rational development,utilization and protection phosphate rock resources is urgent.Face of the challenges of China's phosphate resources scarcity increasingly obvious and phosphate fertilizer production and application process of the pollution,a comprehensive analysis of the situation of phosphate rock resources demand in China is of great significance to the phosphate fertilizer industry and the sustainable development of agriculture.This paper first analyses the resources,production,consumption and phosphate fertilizer on China's phosphate fertilizer production,consumption and pollution to the environment,based on the historical changes of cultivated land area per unit of fertilizer application indeveloped countries,put forward China's phosphate should raise the level of industry concentration,reduce the phosphate rock export volume and waste,reduce fertilizer production capacity,improve the phosphate fertilizer utilization and sustainable countermeasures that supply China's phosphate resources of farmyard manure and security.