As an important natural resource in human production and life, mineral resources are a strong support for human economic and social development and play an important role in the sustainable development of human society.In recent years, as China vigorously promotes the construction of ecological civilization and practices the new development concept of “clear water and green mountains are gold and silver mountains”, the inadaptability between China’s existing mineral resource management system and social and economic development has gradually become prominent.Therefore, it is of great significance to seek the development and management mode of mineral resources suitable for the new situation to promote the efficient utilization of mineral resources and the sustainable development of the mining industry in China.This paper analyzes the necessity, existing problems and reform measures of China’s mineral resources property rights system reform, in order to provide reference for China to deepen the reform of mineral resources property rights system.