李娜, 高爱红, 王小宁. 全球铍资源供需形势及建议[J]. 中国矿业, 2019, 28(4): 69-73. DOI: 10.12075/j.issn.1004-4051.2019.04.028
    引用本文: 李娜, 高爱红, 王小宁. 全球铍资源供需形势及建议[J]. 中国矿业, 2019, 28(4): 69-73. DOI: 10.12075/j.issn.1004-4051.2019.04.028
    LI Na, GAO Aihong, WANG Xiaoning. Global beryllium supply and demand trends and its enlightenment[J]. CHINA MINING MAGAZINE, 2019, 28(4): 69-73. DOI: 10.12075/j.issn.1004-4051.2019.04.028
    Citation: LI Na, GAO Aihong, WANG Xiaoning. Global beryllium supply and demand trends and its enlightenment[J]. CHINA MINING MAGAZINE, 2019, 28(4): 69-73. DOI: 10.12075/j.issn.1004-4051.2019.04.028

    全球铍资源供需形势及建议

    Global beryllium supply and demand trends and its enlightenment

    • 摘要: 全球铍资源丰富但分布较集中,60%的资源量集中在美国,其次是巴西、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、印度、中国以及非洲的马达加斯加、莫桑比克等国家。2017年,世界铍金属产量为229 t,其中美国占74.2%,铍的消费国主要是中国和美国,2017年美国铍的消费量为185 t。近年来,铍产品的国际贸易中美国是全球主要供应国和消费国的格局发生了变化,2016年全球排名前5位的铍产品出口国是马达加斯加、瑞士、埃塞俄比亚、斯洛文尼亚、德国,进口国是中国、澳大利亚、比利时、西班牙以及马来西亚。美国拥有资源及技术的双重优势,而我国铍资源品位较低且存在加工冶炼技术壁垒,现阶段及未来的产量远不能满足国内需求,对外依存度较高。建议:一是加强基础理论研究与技术创新,实现找矿与冶炼技术的双突破;二是借鉴日本经验,推进境外矿产资源勘查开发战略,鼓励我国企业以资金或技术参股的方式参与俄罗斯和巴西大公司的资源开发,同时以勘查开发和收购的方式积极获取非洲的铍矿资源,以保证铍资源海外供应的稳定。

       

      Abstract: Beryllium is rich in global natural resources, but with centralized distribution in US.Beryllium also distributed in Brazil, Russia, Kazakhstan, India, China and some African countries, like Madagascar and Mozambique.The global production of beryllium in 2017 is 229 t, US accounts for 74.2%.The main consumer countries are China and US, and US consumed 185 t beryllium in 2017.About the global trade, US used to be the largest supplier and consumer, but the situation has been changed in recent years.In 2016, the main export countries were Madagascar, Switzerland, Ethiopia, Slovakia and Germany; the main import countries were China, Australia, Belgium, Spain and Malaysia.US is preponderant in both resources and techniques.In China, the beryllium grade is generally low and the metallurgy technique is not advanced enough.The production can't meet the demand currently and in the future, so the external dependence is high.Two suggestions are proposed in this paper, the first one is to strengthen the basic principal research and technique innovation, to achieve the breakthrough on both ore prospecting and smelting techniques; the second is to learn the successful experiences from Japan, encouraging Chinese companies to perform oversea investment.To guarantee the oversea supply of beryllium, Chinese companies can participate the investment of shares for Russian and Brazilian companies, and meanwhile obtain African resources by exploration or purchasing.

       

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