Abstract: Market-oriented reform of mining rights transfer is an important part of comprehensively deepening the ecological civilization system reform, which is of significance for accelerating the improvement of socialist market economic system, modernization of national governance system and governance capacity.Combing the theory and practices of mining rights transfer management, this paper points out that the focus of the mining rights transfer management problems is the mismatch between government-led-management and market allocation demand.Concerning the market-oriented reform of mining rights transfer management in China, adhering to the state ownership of mineral resources is the basic premise, straightening out the relationship between the government and the market is the focus, market allocation is the pointer and the direction, and scientific diagnosis of mining rights transfer problems in government regulation and the market allocation is the focal point.China’s market-oriented mining rights transfer management reform trend is to change government’s “offside”“dislocation” and “absent” in mining rights transfer management and cultivate fair, open, competitive, orderly and mature mining rights transfer market on the basis of establishing clear responsibilities of the property rights of mineral resources.