Abstract: Japan is one of the poorest countries of the mineral resources in the world, and depends highly upon overseas mineral resources for economic development.At present, Japan is one of the world’s great power of mineral resources because its successful strategic layout in global mineral resources exploration & development.The successful experiences of Japan’s exploration & development investment and projects layout of global mineral resources have important reference significances for China’s “going out” resource strategy.The successful experiences of Japan as follows:to form efficient organization and implementation mechanism for overseas mineral resources exploration & development with JOGMEC as the special agency; to establish the global mineral resources exploration & development cooperative network with the important target countries and areas; mine construction and development is the most important investment direction of Japan’s global mineral resources exploration & development with constructing overseas mineral resource base in the key countries and areas; to obtain the rights of overseas critical mineral resources is the core goal of Japan’s overseas mineral resources exploration & development.Based on the comparison between China and Japan, some enlightenments are put forward for China’s “going out” resource strategy, including setting up the special organization and implementation agency, establishing the overseas offices, cultivating the transnational mining companies, and the investment should focus on the key countries and areas according to the critical minerals demand of national economic and strategic industry development.