Abstract: The consumption of energy and water resources in the industrial system are closely related, and they have complementary relationship.In the context of ecological civilization construction and industrial transformation and upgrading, China needs to improve the efficiency of energy and water use and realize the coordinated use of water and energy in order to better achieve sustainable economic development.The authors use DEA analysis method to evaluate the utilization efficiency of water resources and energy input in 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2017, analyze the comprehensive efficiency and scale efficiency of each province, judge the scale return of each province, and study the impact of water resources and energy input on the economy.Then using the input-output method to study the correlation between water resources industry and energy industry, and analyze the relationship between supply and demand and the degree of dependence of them.The results show that there is a coordinated development relationship between China’s inter-provincial economy, water resources and energy.Water resources and energy investment will stimulate economic development.On the whole, the development of the water resources sector relies on the development of the energy sector.But in individual regions, the energy sector is highly dependent on the water sector.