Abstract: In recent years, China has issued a number of policies to promote the reform of the oil and gas management.The transfer of oil and gas mining rights has gone through different stages with the advance of the reform.In the past, the transfer of oil and gas mining rights has used the “apply first” method for a long time.Most of the oil and gas mining rights are owned by CNPC, Sinopec, CNOOC and Yanchang oilfield.The transfer method is gradually shifting to a competitive model facing the whole society now.The Ministry of Natural Resources has organized multiple rounds of competitive transfer of conventional oil and gas, coalbed methane, and shale gas mining rights.These transfers have set up different comparison rules and requirements of corporate qualification.Many social groups have won the oil and gas mining rights to enter the field of oil and gas exploration and exploitation.In addition, with the reform progressing, to protect the rights of the country as a resource owner, oil and gas mining rights holders will no longer obtain rights free of charge.The holders need to pay mining rights transfer proceeds, which has become one of the focuses of oil and gas management reform.By sorting out multiple rounds of transfer, this paper clarifies the characteristics and existing problems of China's oil and gas mining rights competitive transfer at the present stage and offer suggestions for completing the oil and gas mining rights competitive transfer system.