Abstract: The quantitative evaluation of the effect of land cover change on vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) in mining areas from the meso scale can provide a reference for the ecological restoration work of the mining area in the ecological restoration work of the provincial territory.Taking the six major coal fields in Shanxi province as an example, the data of MODIS is used to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of vegetation NPP and land cover in the study area.The concept of NPP profit and loss flow is introduced to analyze the influence of land cover change on vegetation NPP at the provincial scale from a directional and quantitative perspective.The results show that:①NPP in the six major coal fields in Shanxi province is better from 2005 to 2015, with an average NPP value of 335.03 gC/(m²·a), and the total NPP increase 3 492.20 GgC in 11 years.The space show a pattern of high in the southeast and low in the northwest.②From 2005 to 2015, the land cover change is mainly concentrate in cultivated land, forest land and grassland.The area of cultivated land and forest land increase by 3 581.75 km² and 148.65 km² respectively, while the grassland decrease by 3 882.25 km².③From 2005 to 2015, the increase in forest land and cultivated land in the study area increase the total NPP, while the increase in construction land and the conversion from forest land to other land types will cause loss of total NPP.④During 2005 to 2015, the NPP of the six major coal fields in Shanxi province change due to land cover changes, but the overall trend show an increase, which is closely related to the ecological restoration work of the major coal fields.