Abstract: In recent years, the cumulative occupation and damage of land by mining in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has increased rapidly, affecting its green and intensive development.The paper analyzes the spatio-temporal differentiation and driving factors of mining land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2009 to 2016 by using Gini coefficient, disequilibrium index and factor decomposition model.The results show that the scale of mining land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is relatively large and the regional differences are obvious.The matching of mining land and mining output value is relatively reasonable and relatively stable.The increase of unit labor output is the biggest driving factor to the expansion of mining land, while the reduction of mining enterprises number is the biggest restraining factor.The effect of the number of land per unit output value and the average employment scale of enterprises are obvious in stages.Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to reasonably control the scale of mining land and promote the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.