Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low recovery rate and high impurity content of iron concentrates and rare earth concentrates produced in Bayan Obo mixed iron-rare earth ore, they are classified according to ore type.Taking neonite low-grade iron and rare earth ore as the object, the beneficiation test of iron and rare earth is carried out on the basis of systematically studying the properties of the ore.The results show that the TFe grade is 17.50% and the REO grade is 8.43% in the raw ore, the main iron minerals are magnetite, the main rare earth minerals are bastnaesite and monazite, and the gangue minerals are mainly neonite, barite and calcite, etc.Iron is recovered through grinding-two-stage weak magnetic separation and re-grinding-weak magnetic separation, the fineness of grinding in one section is -0.074 mm 90%, the magnetic field strength of coarse separation and the magnetic field strength of selective separation are 112 kA/m and 96 kA/m, respectively, regrind fineness and regrind magnetic field strength are -0.045 4 mm 90% and 96 kA/m to obtain iron concentrate with TFe grade 65.83% and recovery 69.86%, and the impurity content reaches the smelting requirements; under the conditions of flotation temperature 60 ℃, water glass dosage 2.1 kg/t, collector H₂₀₅ dosage 1.0 kg/t, rare earth concentrate with a REO grade of 50.89% and recovery of 63.17% can achieve a through a closed circuit test with one rough selection and two sweep.The research results provide technical reference for the development and utilization of this type of ore.