Abstract: In order to cope with climate change and implement the consensus of carbon neutral, low-carbon transformation and new energy have become the focus of current international development.Lithium resources as an important battery raw material, are receiving attention all over the world.Under the new international development pattern and security environment, it is necessary to systematically evaluate the security situation of China’s lithium resources.Based on resource security, market risk, geopolitics and military security, this paper selects 14 indicators such as mining potential, business environment and scientific and technological contribution to build a “resource market geopolitics military” index system for China’s lithium resource supply security.According to authoritative statistical data, this paper uses entropy weight method to comprehensively evaluate the supply security situation of China’s lithium resources from 2010 to 2020.It is found that the weights of scientific and technological contribution, foreign pressure on resource import, resource exploitation potential and supply concentration are 0.147, 0.096, 0.094 and 0.083 respectively, which are the main factors affecting the supply security of lithium resources in China.The safety index of lithium resources in China in 2020 is 0.658, which is significantly higher than 0.306 in 2010, and is in a relatively safe state as a whole.Among the many influencing factors, high supply concentration, unstable bilateral political relations and large market monopoly power play a negative role in the security of lithium resources in China.The breakthrough of mining technology and the improvement of domestic resource reserves have significantly improved the safety of lithium resources in China.