Abstract: The unified exercise of the responsibilities of owner of natural resources assets owned by the whole people is an important measure to implement “decision of the CPC Central Committee on several major issues concerning comprehensively deepening reform”, “the overall plan for the reform of ecological civilization system” and “the guiding opinions on comprehensively promoting the reform of the property right system of natural resources assets”.It is also an important part of the implementation of the “two unification” responsibilities of Ministry of Natural Resources, which is related to China’s economic, ecological and national defense security.It is also related to the rational development and effective protection of all natural resource assets, which is of great practical significance.This paper defines the object and scope of exercising the responsibilities of the owner of natural resource assets owned by the whole people, and combs the current situation of the management of natural resource assets owned by the whole people, such as land, minerals, oceans, forests, grasslands, wetlands and water.It puts forward some problems, such as the decentralization of owner management responsibilities, the fuzzy boundary of various rights, the intersection of responsibilities and authorities, and the lack of overall supervision and restriction mechanism.It put forward specific suggestions on the unified exercise of the responsibilities of the owners of natural resource assets owned by the whole people from the aspects of clarifying the ownership, controlling the family background, establishing the resource list and principal-agent system, compiling the natural resource asset planning, perfecting the market rules, doing a good job in asset disposal, perfecting the income, establishing and perfecting the evaluation and assessment system.