Abstract: Under the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, China’s energy system will continue to accelerate the transformation to clean and low-carbon.The development and utilization of natural gas hydrate is an important driving force to achieve the goal of “carbon peak and neutrality”.Clarifying the development direction of China’s natural gas hydrate exploration and exploitation under the background of “carbon peak and neutrality”is of guiding significance to help realize the goal of “carbon peak and neutrality”.On the basis of expounding the environmental effects of natural gas hydrate in the carbon cycle, this paper combs the current situation of natural gas hydrate related research, exploration and exploitation, analyzes the main problems existing in China’s natural gas hydrate in helping realize the goal of “carbon peak and neutrality”, and puts forward some suggestions to promote the high-quality development of natural gas hydrate.The research show that natural gas hydrate has dual environmental effects in the global carbon cycle.Many countries in the world continue to explore the research and practice of key theories and technologies for natural gas hydrate exploration and development, and China continues to make breakthroughs.However, there are still deficiencies in the research of exploration and exploitation theory and technology, carbon storage application, environmental risk prevention and control, etc, It is urgent to make efforts in the construction of multidisciplinary joint research team, strengthening exploration and exploitation, environmental risk monitoring, prevention and control and international cooperation international cooperation in environmental issues, as well as natural gas hydrate development planning and supporting management policies parallel to the goal of “carbon peak and neutrality”.