Abstract: As a major energy consumption province, coal based energy structure has brought many environmental problems in Shandong Province.Under the background of the carbon peak and carbon neutral strategy, energy transformation is imperative.Taking the resource-based cities in Shandong Province as the research sample, the index loop method is used to construct and optimize the index system of energy transformation capacity, the PFHWD-TOPSIS model is used to measure the energy transformation capacity of resource-based cities in Shandong Province from 2006 to 2020, and the grey correlation degree is used to analyze the level of various factors affecting the energy transformation capacity.It is found that the overall gradient of energy transformation capacity of resource-based cities in Shandong Province is roughly normal distribution, and both show a fluctuating upward trend.In prefecture-level resource-based cities, the energy transformation capacity of Zibo City and Taian City is in the forefront and much higher than that of other cities, while Zaozhuang City and Laiwu City are relatively backward.In county-level resource-based cities, Longkou City has the highest energy transformation capacity, while Zichuan District and Xintai City are relatively backward.Energy supply structure, energy consumption structure, per capita electricity consumption of the whole society, the number of R& D full-time personnel of large and medium-sized enterprises in power and heat production and supply industry above designated size and the total output value of new energy industry have the greatest impact on energy supply capacity, energy consumption structure, energy consumption intensity, technological research and development intensity and industrial and social development respectively.This paper can provide reference for the energy transformation of other resource-based cities in China.