采煤沉陷区地质环境受损特征及修复措施探究:以山西屯兰矿为例
Characteristics of geological environment damage and restoration measures in coal mining subsidence area: a case study of Tunlan Mine, Shanxi Province
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摘要:
煤炭开采在带来经济效益的同时，对矿区的地表造成了巨大破坏，使得采空区地表出现塌陷、下沉，水系结构破坏，地表生态受损，进而引发一系列地质灾害问题。以山西屯兰矿为研究对象，采用现场调研结合工程实践，探究屯兰矿采煤造成的地质环境受损特征以及地质灾害衍生的生态破坏影响，系统构建一套适用于屯兰矿的采动破坏区域修复技术。本文分析了屯兰矿采煤沉陷区塌陷坑、下沉盆地、地裂缝、台阶等地质环境受损特点，结合现场塌陷情况，分析了沉陷区不同塌陷、下沉、滑坡及裂缝发育等类型特征。结果表明，屯兰矿采动破坏形式以地裂缝、塌陷坑、台阶破坏为主，占比分别达到56.5%、23.2%和14.0%，滑坡和盆地较少，合计仅占6.3%。根据裂缝、塌陷、台阶、盆地等破坏严重程度，按照修复所需工程量、坡度、地形位置及所需土方量等，将修复形式主要划分为人工修复和机械修复，针对修复区域进行分类治理，拟定了精细化的修复技术路线。开展以地貌重构、水资源保护、生态植被修复相结合的山水林田一体化修复技术，以期为我国矿山地质环境治理、生态环境修复提供可靠的理论技术依据。
Abstract:Coal mining not only brings economic benefits, but also causes huge damage to the surface, causing the surface of goaf to collapse, subside, destroy the water system, and damage the surface ecology, causing a series of geological disasters.Taking Tunlan Mine in Shanxi Province as the research object, uses on-site research and engineering practice to explore and study the characteristics of the damage to the geological environment caused by mining in Tunlan Mine and the impact of ecological damage derived from geological disasters, and systematically builds a set of restoration techniques for the mining damage area adapted to Tunlan Mine.This paper analyzes the damaged characteristics of geological environment such as collapse pits, subsidence basins, ground cracks and steps in the coal mining subsidence area of Tunlan Mine, and analyzes the characteristics of different types of collapse, subsidence, landslide and fracture development in the subsidence area in combination with the current situation of collapse at the site.The results show that the main forms of mining damage in Tunlan Mine are mainly ground fractures, collapse pits and step damage, accounting for 56.5%, 23.2% and 14.0%, respectively, while landslides and basins are less frequent, accounting for only 6.3%.The severity of the damage caused by the extraction of cracks, cave-ins, terraces and basins, the form of restoration is mainly divided into artificial restoration and mechanical restoration according to the amount of work required for restoration, slope, topographic location and the amount of earth required, and the restoration area is categorized and managed, and a refined restoration technology route is formulated.The integrated restoration technology of mountain, water, forest and field, which combined geomorphological reconstruction, water resource protection and ecological vegetation restoration, is carried out to provide a reliable theoretical and technical basis for China’s mine geological environment management and ecological environment restoration.
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