Abstract: Baode mining area is located in the northeast edge of Ordos Basin. It belongs to Hedong Coalfield and is a large coal base in northern Shanxi. In order to reveal the formation environment of different coal rock and coal quality in Baode mining area, using the technical parameters such as coal rock and coal quality, the variation laws of coal seam mirror / inert ratio, ash content, coal ash composition and sulfur content are analyzed. Combined with the characteristics of stratigraphic sedimentary facies, the coal rock and coal quality characteristics and the evolution law of coal forming environment of the main coal seam in Baode mining area are discussed. The results show that the physical properties of the main coal seams in the mining area are similar, mainly semi bright briquette and semi dark briquette, the macerals are mainly organic components, and the inorganic components are mainly clay minerals; Vitrinite reflectance is similar, and the degree of coalification is low as a whole. The moisture content of each main coal seam is low and the difference is small; The ash content is mainly medium to low ash, and the ash components are mainly SiO2 and Al2O3; The content of volatile matter is high, mainly medium to high volatile matter; The sulfur content varies greatly. 8# coal is low sulfur coal, 10# coal and 11# coal are low and medium sulfur coal, and 13# coal is medium and high sulfur coal. The coal forming environment from Taiyuan period to Shanxi period in Baode mining area is a semi saline water sea land transition environment as a whole, the oxidation is gradually enhanced, the salinity is reduced, and the influence degree of seawater is gradually weakened; The main coal forming period from Taiyuan period to Shanxi period has experienced a periodic transgressive and regressive cycle, which reveals two coal forming modes of transgressive coal forming (10# coal and 11# coal) and regressive coal forming (8# coal and 13# coal) in Baode mining area.