Abstract: The Yellow River Basin is also known as China’s energy basin. Coordinating the relationship between resource development and ecological environment protection is of great practical significance for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the analysis of resource development issues in the Ordos Basin, this paper uses ecological environment assessment and zoning techniques to discuss the path of coordinated development of resource development and ecological environment protection under the goal of “carbon peak and neutrality” from the perspective of ecological space control. The research results show that there are problems such as the proportion of fossil energy production and consumption in the Ordos Basin, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, and the destruction of the ecological environment by resource development. The ecological space area is about 1.6×10⁴ km², accounting for 69.7% of the total area of the basin. It is composed of extremely important （sensitive） ecosystems, national nature reserves and national key ecological function areas. Ecological space science is divided into priority protection units （15.6%）, key control units （30.0%） and general control units （54.4%）. Priority protection units focus on carrying out ecological protection and restoration projects, key management and control units reasonably regulate the intensity of resource development, and general management and control units transform and upgrade the energy development model. The management and control strategies of different ecological space units can effectively promote the high-quality development and utilization of resources in energy-rich regions in the Yellow River Basin.