Abstract: Nuclear power is an important part of the world’s power supply and plays an important role in solving the world’s energy shortage.Natural uranium is the material basis for nuclear power development.The development and change of nuclear power directly affect the demand for natural uranium.Therefore, in order to ensure the healthy and stable development of China’s nuclear power industry, this paper introduces the world uranium resource reserves, production status, nuclear power development status, uranium trade and price changes, and preliminarily analyzes the future uranium supply and demand situation, and provides countermeasures and suggestions for the development of China’s nuclear power in the protection of uranium resources.It is believed that the current world uranium reserves have sufficient guarantee for uranium production and nuclear power demand, but with the rapid development of nuclear power in the future, the gap between supply and demand may be further widened.Facing the increasing demand for nuclear power resources in the world, the supply and demand of uranium resources in China may be unbalanced.It is suggested that the government should further increase domestic investment in uranium exploration, eliminate low-level or blank areas, and ensure high-quality development of uranium exploration.Using technological innovation, comprehensively improve the production capacity of domestic uranium mines, and accelerate the construction of new mine bases to ensure the stable supply of uranium resources; strengthen the construction of scientific and technological innovation platform, enhance the independent innovation ability of uranium resources, promote the in-depth application of digital and information technology, and accelerate the overall scientific and technological progress of the industry with major projects as the traction; actively invest in overseas markets, accelerate cooperation with neighboring resource-based countries, establish a long-term cooperative development mechanism between countries and sign bilateral nuclear security agreements to ensure the safe and reliable supply of uranium resources, and build a global allocation system for uranium resources to ensure the healthy and stable development of China’s nuclear power industry.