Abstract: Ion adsorption rare earth enterprises in South China are one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions of industrial enterprises, which has important influence on peak carbon emissions. The unified accounting method of greenhouse gas emission accounting for the ion adsorbed rare earth enterprises in South China has not been published at the national level, and the boundary, scope and method need to be further clarified, which restricts the country’s judgment and understanding. Establishes the accounting methods for greenhouse gas emissions of three different types of enterprises in ion-adsorption type rare earth industry chain, namely rare earth mining enterprises, smelting enterprises, metal and alloy enterprises, from the perspectives of fuel combustion, process emissions, net purchase of electricity and heat. The analysis of case enterprises shows that power consumption is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions of three types of enterprises, and the order of greenhouse gas emissions per unit product is metal and alloy enterprises, smelting enterprises and rare earth mining enterprises. Oxalic acid decomposition emission and anode effect emission in the production process are also important components of greenhouse gases in rare earth enterprises. Reducing power consumption per unit of product, especially metal and alloy enterprises, is the key direction of greenhouse gas emission reduction in the rare earth industry in the future. And reducing the use of oxalic acid and anode electrodes is also one of the optimal paths for ion absorbed rare earth enterprises in South China to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.