Abstract: The coal mines generally face technical difficulties in passing through empty roadway. In order to study the deformation law of the surrounding rock of shallow fully mechanized top coal caving face passing through empty roadway, uses FLAC^3D numerical simulation research method to study the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock during the process of adjusting the inclination of traditional working faces passing through empty roadway. At the same time, a method of filling large cross-section empty roadway in fully mechanized top coal caving face is proposed, which uses the filling body of large cross-section empty roadway as the bottom plate. Through the three processes of upward mining, horizontal mining, and downward mining, the working face passes through the goaf, avoiding difficulties such as traditional mining inclination adjustment and strengthening support, and achieving continuous, efficient, and safe mining of the working face. The research results show that when the working face is 16 m away from the empty roadway during inclination adjustment, the surrounding rock of the empty roadway is gradually affected, and the plastic zone runs through the coal pillars between the working face and the empty roadway, causing damage. However, during the advancement process of filling the empty roadway, only small-scale damage occurs in the filling body and the inclined coal body in the middle of the mining area. The plastic zone has a small development area, and there is no damage at both ends of the mining area. When the working face is inclined and passes through the empty roadway, the leading stress reaches a maximum of 25 MPa. The maximum lateral stress is 12 MPa. However, when filling a large cross-section roadway, the impact of mining is relatively small. Compared to adjusting the inclination of the working face and passing through the roadway, the peak stress in advance is reduced by 10 MPa, and the peak lateral stress is reduced by 2.5 MPa. The feasibility of this method is confirmed from the perspective of the plastic zone failure of the surrounding rock and the weakening of stress in the mining area.