Abstract: Henan Province is an important industrial base for non-ferrous metals, metallurgy, building materials, and chemical industry in China, the reserves of molybdenum ore and smelting product output both rank first in China, the reserve of tungsten ore ranks third. The reserves of lead, zinc, and copper ores are insufficient, however, the smelting product output ranks among the top in the country. Mineral resources are an important material foundation for economic and social development, and they are crucial for national economy, people’s livelihood, and national security. Therefore, it is especially important to study the situation of major non-ferrous metal mineral resources in Henan Province. Based on the analysis of resource reserves, exploitation and utilization, smelting product output, assess future trends in resource supply and demand and ensuring capacity for security. In the next 5 to 10 years, there will be ample reserves of molybdenum ore resources and tungsten ore resources in Henan Province. However, the reserves of lead ore, zinc ore, and copper ore, as well as the total mining capacity, will be insufficient to meet the demand of the smelting industry. Through the current resource allocation policy, this paper points out the following problems in the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources in Henan Province, such as, the difficulty of prospecting is increasing, the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain is unbalanced, the comprehensive recovery capacity of co-associated resources is weak and so on. Finally, puts forward that, increases the investment in exploration of mineral resources and improves the ability of resource security; adjusts the product structure, encourages the development of deep processing industry, and promotes the extension of the industrial chain; continues to deepen reform and improve the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources.