Abstract: The current science and technology are undergoing profound evolution, and global issues such as climate, resources, and environment are becoming increasingly prominent. More and more geological institutions advocate for the concept of earth system science. Geological work has entered a major stage of transformation and development. In order to explore the geological data collection strategy in the new situation. This paper proposes that the geological data collection in the concept of earth system science needs to focus on data with multiple layers, long time series, and full attributes. The geological data collection has the trend of automation, real-time, intelligence, clustering, and three-dimensional. In the new situation, diversified data system guided by system perspective needs to be built to address specific resource and environmental issues; the “three-dimensional” data collection network needs to be continuously improved to grasp basic data on geology, natural resources, ecology, and other aspects of the entire region; more intelligent collection technologies need to be actively developed to cope with the rapid development of artificial intelligence; highly integrated data collection system needs to be created to meet the inherent needs of high-quality development in geological work.