Abstract: As a working face enters the final mining stage, the distance to the retreat channel gradually shortens, causing the coal pillars to enter a state of plastic deformation. To explore the rockburst process in the retreat channel, the safe width of the protective coal pillars behind the retreat channel are calculated. Using numerical simulation methods, the evolution of vertical stress under varying coal pillar width is studied, and the progressive failure mechanism of the coal pillars is analyzed. Additionally, hydraulic fracturing pressure relief technology is implemented. The results indicate that the vertical stress distribution in front of the retreat channel undergoes a transition from a “saddle-shaped” to a “plateau” to a “steep peak” pattern, and the influence of mining stress can be divided into stable, superimposed, sudden change, and transfer stages. Taking the Ningtiaota Coal Mine as an example, hydraulic fracturing pressure relief technology is applied, including the calculation of water injection pressure, borehole spacing, and the number of fracturing stages, along with on-site implementation. The maximum average support resistance during the passage of the working face through the retreat channel is 4 278 kN. The shrinkage under the live column and the compression step distance are effectively controlled. The roof subsides by 145-200 mm, and the deformation of both sides is 340-450 mm. These results indicate that hydraulic fracturing technology has effectively relieved pressure.