Abstract: Mineral resources are an important material foundation for economic and social development, and their ownership and endowment are components of national wealth. Mineral resource assets have concealment and high risk from a physical perspective, while they have uncertainty and diminishing value from a quantity price perspective. With the continuous improvement of social governance level in China, the accounting recognition and measurement of mineral resource assets urgently need to be improved. This paper applies the whole life cycle theory, based on the analysis of the quantity and price accounting model of mining rights, analyzes the influencing factors of mineral resource reserves and mining rights value, explores the recognition and measurement methods of mining rights in acquisition, operation, continuation, transfer, cancellation, and other aspects, introduces the concepts of initial price and book value of mineral resource assets, and proposes the subject of cumulative depletion of mineral resource assets, explores the application process and supporting management methods of accounting model for the physical quantity and value of mineral resource assets.