The global energy system is accelerating the transformation from traditional energy to new energy, and the mineral resources needed for the new energy industry have become the focus of the game between great powers. Scientific determination of “list of new energy minerals” in China is of great significance for safeguarding national energy security and economic security. Firstly, defines the concept of the new energy, “production-storage-transport-use” industrial system of new energy, new energy minerals. Based on this, the evaluation system and evaluation method of “list of new energy minerals” in China are proposed, which cover three dimensions of importance, criticality and influence degree of new energy field on mineral demand. Then, according to the four links of “production-storage-transport-use”, 43 kinds of minerals mainly used in the field of new energy are sorted out as alternative minerals list, and through systematic evaluation, “list of new energy minerals” in China covering 19 kinds of minerals is determined, such as lithium, copper, vanadium, silicon （high purity quartz）, neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, terbium, uranium, platinum and so on. Finally, by the analysis of the supply of new energy minerals in China, points out that 8 kinds of new energy minerals are highly scarce in China, and the other 11 kinds of minerals can guarantee the demand at present, but are likely to face the situation of short supply and dependence on imports in the future. It is urgent to carry out the layout in advance, increase exploration, development and investment, and ensure the stable supply of national new energy mineral resources.