Abstract: The analysis of natural resources economic situation is an important support for the analysis of national macro-economic situation. The complex relationship among the natural resources must insist on the systematic analysis of natural resources economic situation. In the process of modernization, the most important task of natural resources is to lay the foundation for economic security, to add vitality to the market prosperity and to seek the well-being of the people. Based on the three perspectives of security, market and people’s livelihood, this paper studies the relationship among supply risk, market allocation and emergency support of natural resources, selects the basic indicators and composite indicators that can update and reflect the state of natural resources in time, and constructs the index system of analysis of natural resources economic situation. A detailed analysis of the natural resources economic situation in the first half of 2024 is carried out through a combination of long-term trend analysis and short-term situation analysis. The conclusions are as follows: at present, the situation of cultivated land protection in our country is good, but the quality of cultivated land is not high and the distribution pattern is not reasonable; the production of mineral products is relatively stable, and there is a high degree of external dependence on important mineral products; the real estate market is experiencing a downturn, there are structural contradictions in people’s livelihood security; the overall heavy on geological disasters, disaster prevention and mitigation situation is grim and so on. Therefore, some suggestions are put forward, such as optimizing the quality and distribution pattern of cultivated land, promoting the production of important mineral resources, optimizing the supply structure of residential land, and improving the ability of forecasting and early warning services.