Abstract: Geological archives are not only the important information resource formed during geological work but also the main manifestation of geological achievement. During the development of social economy, geological archive has become one of the most important information resources and the social public’s demand for geological archives has also been increasing.Consequently, second round compilation and research of geological archives have turned into one of the necessary works in all collection organizations, and strengthened the importance of this work to prompt better development in future. Based on the collections and recent works on the compilation and research of geological archives of National Geological Archive of China, this paper discussed the scientific significance, historical significance, and economic significance of compilation and research of geological archives.It also should base on the principle of secure, science, timeliness and innovation to compile and research of geological archives.The working methods such as:grasp archives, understand demand, assess topic, coordinated compile and research, improve the material, enrich the form of achievement with information technology.