Abstract: The fate of coal resources is controlled by the Water resources in western China，especially in Xinjiang.If the coal mine is water shortage，the coal is equivalent to soil.Because coal mining needs water，and even improve the quality of clean and efficient use of coal also need water.Xinjiang region is China’s fourteenth large coal base，is the western development of the point，but also along the way the national strategic layout of the support point，If the solution to the matching relationship between the coal and water，then the energy security issues is solved，but also the national problem is solved.Based on the comprehensive analysis of coal geological conditions and water resources conditions in Xinjiang，this paper studies the relationship between coal resources and water resources，summarizes the distribution problems between coal resources and water resources，and puts forward some strategic suggestions to solve the problems.The implementation of the study can provide a reference for the study of the utilization of coal resources in the west，which has certain practical significance.