Abstract: Since China first proposed the goal of “carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality” in 2020, promoting the governance of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand systems, and increasing the carbon sink increment of ecosystems become a key concerns in China. Ecological restoration of abandoned mines is an important way to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of ecosystems, and estimating the carbon sequestration benefits is the basis for realizing the value of carbon sequestration function in mining areas. Therefore, based on the study of carbon sequestration and sink of abandoned mines, taking the pilot project of ecological restoration of abandoned mines in Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province as an example, the carbon sequestration rate method and net ecosystem productivity estimation method are used to estimate the carbon dioxide fixation and changes in the mining area ecosystem before and after the implementation of the ecological restoration project, then the carbon sequestration benefits of mining ecological restoration are obtained, and compare the effects of different land use types on the total carbon sequestration in mining areas. The results show that after the implementation of the pilot project for ecological restoration of abandoned mines in Xingguo County, the carbon sequestration value of the mining area ecosystem has increased by 5 100-6 200 yuan per year. The contribution of carbon sequestration and sink enhancement in mining ecological restoration mainly comes from forest land, while the arable land is relatively low. There are some differences between the results of the carbon sequestration rate method and the ecosystem productivity estimation method. The ecosystem productivity estimation method has a slightly larger estimation result, which is suitable for estimating the carbon sequestration efficiency of ecosystems at county and above scales. The carbon sequestration rate method is more suitable for estimating the carbon sequestration efficiency of small-scale ecological restoration systems such as mines. This study can provide reference for the improvement of the carbon sequestration efficiency estimation method and carbon sequestration concept of mining ecological restoration.